Saúde mental e estilo de vida dos professores da educação básica

Abstract

High rates of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases are being identified among Basic Education teachers. Education professionals face numerous challenges in their daily lives and with the COVID-19 pandemic, these challenges have become even greater and can compromise the lifestyle and mental health of teachers, favoring unhealthy behaviors that directly affect the health of these professionals. Therefore, the objective was to develop two articles with the aim of, a priori, searching the literature for information about the lifestyle of teachers in basic education and evaluating the lifestyle and mental health of teachers of basic education in Uberaba - MG. and region, during the social distancing established due to COVID-19. The first article is an integrative literature review with a search in information sources US National Library of Medicine National Institutes Database Search of Health, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Embase and Cochrane, with articles published between 2016 and June 2021, using sensitized strategies, the terms were selected in the Decs- Descriptors in Health Sciences and Medical Subject Headings “School Teachers”, “Lifestyle” and or “Healthy Lifestyle”. The review resulted in eight articles that demonstrated a high percentage of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Body Mass Index in the overweight and obesity range, physical inactivity, inadequate diet, poor sleep quality, in addition to high levels of Burnout syndrome. The review showed that teachers have an inadequate lifestyle. The second article is a cross-sectional study carried out with Basic Education teachers who work in schools registered in the regional superintendence of education in Uberaba and in the Municipal Education Department of Uberaba - Minas Gerais, from August 2020 to December 2021. The study was carried out with 266 teachers and identified a prevalence of female participants (92.1%), with a mean age of 44.22 (SD = 8.57) years, living with a partner (60 .5%) and with a lato sensu and/or stricto sensu postgraduate degree (67.7%). Regarding lifestyle, 46.6% were classified as having good adherence to healthy habits. Even the lifestyle being classified as "good", the participants had 47.8% of up to 2 diseases, and 36.2% more than 3 diseases diagnosed, so women are more susceptible to mental suffering. The study also allows us to conclude that among the eight domains evaluated in this study, the domain “Trust in God” is the most practiced, followed by the sun and air domains. The highest rates of mental health are associated with rest and temperance, with greater commitment being observed in females, however, the majority (56%) of teachers are susceptible to having mild mental suffering. We emphasize that this information is useful for conducting new research and for guidance aimed at the lifestyle and health of Basic Education teachers.