Eficácia e celeridade nas contratações públicas: diagnóstico e modelo de gestão estratégica para o pregão eletrônico universidades federais

Abstract

Research objective: To develop a strategic management and monitoring model for procurement processes conducted through the electronic reverse auction modality at the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, based on the identification of the determinants of effectiveness and timeliness, with the aim of optimizing process flows and strengthening institutional governance. Theoretical framework: The study falls within the research area of Public Administration and Organizations. Methodology: A case study employing a mixedmethods approach, classified as descriptive in terms of its objectives and applied in nature. Results: Following an analysis of 136 electronic reverse auctions completed between 2022 and 2024 at the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, conducted under both Law No. 8,666/1993 and Law No. 14,133/2021, it was found that most processes are completed within 149 days. The internal phase, particularly the stages carried out by the Procurement Division, takes approximately 90 days. The longer duration of the internal phase reinforces the finding that a well-prepared preliminary technical study and terms of reference influence the preparation of the bidding notice and the conduct of the procurement process, further underscoring the importance of continuous staff training. The calculation of procurement costs using the formula established in Technical Note No. 1,081/2017 estimated the administrative cost of an electronic reverse auction at BRL 19,561.47 within the university. The main factors identified as contributing to longer procurement processing times were: the number of items, the occurrence of bidder challenges or representations, interdepartmental issues, and rework. The significant correlations identified, together with the findings from the interviews, provided the basis for developing the proposed model, which recommends operational improvements such as process standardization and the establishment of servicelevel agreements aimed at reducing delays and rework, as well as the implementation of a visual metrics dashboard and an efficiency index. Relevance: The proposed model is structured around three pillars: (i) strategic and regulatory planning; (ii) optimized execution and risk management; and (iii) monitoring and continuous improvement. Practical contributions: The results provide university managers with an objective benchmark for the processing time and cost of electronic reverse auctions and can be used to: (i) monitor process progress and identify cases of significant deviation from the 149-day benchmark; (ii) establish gradual targets for reducing processing times; (iii) support decisions regarding the choice between electronic reverse auctions and direct procurement without a bidding process, particularly for low-value acquisitions; and (iv) support procurement planning and process improvement initiatives in the Procurement and Bidding areas.