Caracterização das notificações de violência contra a mulher no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Women of all ages, cultures and socioeconomic groups are victims of violence. Cases of violence against women are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries and commonly occur within the family context. It is estimated that worldwide one in three women have experienced physical and/or sexual violence at least once in their lifetime from a partner or sexual violence by third parties. Objective: To describe reports of self-inflicted and interpersonal violence against women in Brazil between 2011 and 2022. Method: This is a descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study, which uses data from the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System and the Information System for Notifiable Diseases. The software used for data analysis and visualization was Microsoft Office Excel© 2016. Descriptive statistics resources were used, with the generation of the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies, in addition to measures of central tendency, mainly averages and temporal estimates, such as trend and seasonality. Results: A total of 1,657,786 reports of violence against women were identified in Brazil between 2011 and 2022, with the highest incidence in 2022. Most victims lived in the Southeast region, especially in the state of São Paulo. The North region had the lowest reporting rates, with Amapá standing out, which recorded the lowest number of cases. The main victims were between 18 and 29 years old, were not pregnant, were white or brown, had completed high school, and were married or living in a consensual union. Most cases of violence occurred between 6:00 p.m. and 11:59 p.m., in the home environment, and were recurrent. The most frequently reported forms of violence were physical and psychological/moral, with physical force/beating and threats being the main means of aggression used. In cases of sexual violence, rape was the most frequent type, followed by sexual harassment. As for the likely aggressor, the highest frequency was observed among male perpetrators, aged between 25 and 59 years. The main aggressors were the victim herself, followed by spouses and ex-spouses. Conclusion: The results show a growing increase in reports of violence against women in Brazil, with the majority of perpetrators being men close to the victim's home, and the home being the main location of the attacks. The data reinforce the importance of training health professionals to improve the reporting process as a care tool, in addition to contributing to the implementation of more effective public policies.