Ações motoras de crianças com baixa visão durante o brincar: cubos com e sem estímulo visual

Abstract

The act of playing is a spontaneous activity that occurs since the early phases of the infants’ motor development. There are scientific gaps regarding playing activity of children with low vision, specially related to motor carried out during the act of playing with objects. In this sense, this study developed two scientific articles in this topic: Article 1 identified and described the motor actions of children with low vision and normal vision at three years old, during playing with visual stimulation cubes (luminous and high contrast) and without stimulation cubes (transparent and black); Article 2 compared the frequency of the motor actions of children with low vision and normal vision while playing with cubes with or without visual stimulations. In both articles were evaluated six children with low vision (43 months; ±2) and seven children with normal vision (42.3 months; ±2.9). The children were assessed once only and every session was recorded. Each cube was given to the child for one minute with 15 seconds interval between them. The child was placed sitting on a mat with abducted legs and the cube was put in front of him on the mat. The following motor actions were identified in Article 1: unimanual reach, bimanual reach, reach with feet, slide the hands/fingers, turn the cube away, hit the cube, bang on the cube, rotate, shake, approach the eyes and throw the cube in the air. The group with low vision performed wider variety of motor actions with all cubes than the group with normal vision did. The group with low vision presented every motor action identified with the transparent and black cubes and the group with normal vision did not perform the action of approaching the eyes and throwing this cubes. In the Article 2, the frequency of motor actions of children with low vision was significantly higher than those with normal vision (p=0,036) for the high contrast cube, specially for bimanual reach variable (p=0,027) and rotate the cube (p=0,006). The quantity of motor actions did not influence the act of playing because the child makes adjustments and adaptations according to his organic characteristics and interests. The results suggest that children with low vision present no significant deficit for motor actions when handling objects with or without visual stimulation.