Adoção por casais do mesmo sexo: concepções e experiências de profissionais que atuam no judiciário

Abstract

Considering the new views on the child's and adolescent's interest in adoption processes, as well as the same-sex couples' demands for parental exercise and the different professional practices present behind the background of the adoption habilitation process, the purpose of the Dissertation was to understand how the professionals working in the Judiciary (psychologists, social workers, prosecutors and judges) perceive adoption by same-sex couples and deal with current demand. These are two exploratory studies supported by the qualitative research approach, cross-sectional. Specifically, Study 1 aimed to investigate the perception of these professionals about adoption by same-sex couples. Study 2, in turn, aimed to know the experience and the practice of the same professionals in enabling same-sex people to become adoptive parents and mothers. In both studies the field notes and semi-structured interviews were used, posteriorly audio recorded and transcribed in full and literally, submitted to thematic content analysis. The interpretation of the data was made through the Bio-ecological Model of Bronfenbrenner and with the support of the literature of the area. 41 professionals (six judges, three prosecutors, 14 psychologists and 18 social workers) participated in the Study 1, while in the second Study, participated 27 (two judges, three prosecutors, 11 psychologists and 11 social workers). All the professionals interviewed in both studies are professionally active in ten districts of the States of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Goiás. In the Study 1, was found that professionals are favorable to adoption by same-sex couples, however was observed speeches that triggered a personal difficulty in dealing with this demand, based on the same myths that comprise the social imagination about the destitution of the difference of the sexes of the parents as harmful in the physical, social, emotional and sexual/gender development of children/adolescents. In Study 2, about their experiences, the majority of respondents pointed out that demand is small, although increasing, probably due to fear or ignorance of the rights of the suitors themselves to seek joint adoption, or by a movement of professionals in not passing security that adoption can be successful. The empathic listening of the child/adolescent and the LGB suitors was highlighted, considering the singular course of their history. In the evaluative context, professionals said they seek not to reproduce a stereotype of heterosexual relationship as to the roles to be played by these suitors, but ascertain in depth, for example, how the couple will deal with possible biased social repercussions and security passed to the child(ren). Finally, generally, interviewees suggested that, based on their actions, interventions and updates, as well as on the presentation of cases considered to be successful and looking at the best interest of the child/adolescent, we will move to a new culture of adoption that embraces, with respect, diversity.