Análise dos efeitos do treinamento pliométrico de membro inferior na atividade eletromiográfica e a percepção sobre o treinamento pliométrico versus treinamento virtual na prevenção de lesões em mulheres jovens

Abstract

The stability of the spine depends on body systems divided in three parts, passive, active and neural. In order to allow the dynamic and static stability of the spine, it is essential the muscular balance. In this way, the physical exercise is performed to prevention of injuries or some type of ache. Neuromuscular training is intended to improve the system's ability to react and it could results in an excessive use of certain joints and injuries if there is a decrease of this neuromuscular control. We had known that the neuromuscular training for lower limbs is already well established for the prevention of knee injuries, then we decided to evaluate its action on the stabilization of the spine using electromyography, that use a surface electrode on the skin (non-invasive) located near the action potential of the motor unit translates the muscular activation of the lumbar (ML), transverse abdominus / internal oblique (TA / OI) and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles. By the way, we also think to analyze all the subjects by means of a focus group the perception of the volunteers between two trainings: a plyometric associated with resistance exercises (neuromuscular) vs virtual trainning. We writen two articles, one of them about a quantitative values of neuromuscular intervention vs control group, with a sample of 30 volunteers and other article constituted of focal groups, with 15 volunteers. All subjects female gender were aged between 18 and 30 years and underwent 24 training sessions. In the first article, it was observed that neuromuscular training for lower limbs seemed to promote better body awareness, allowing a better distribution of weight and, consequently, less need for muscular recruitment for the required activity, having greater trunk stability. In the second, the volunteers reported that neuromuscular training did not generate pain, except during the phase changes of the protocol, that there was an increasing change in the required difficulty and there was more ease in the resistance exercises when compared with the exercises of barriers and jumps. It was related more improvement in disposition, greater stability and strengthening of lower limbs. To the virtual training, the most noticeable feature was the challenge of believing that a virtual game could be used as a protocol of training and it was generated satisfactory results and they also reported on overcoming it and improving physical fitness and about waking up more willingly. The most citation as difficulty was the race, on the other side they related the fun of performing the training with a quality virtual game. According to the reports, it can be seen that the participants of the study identified the physical and emotional benefits generated by the training. These allowed them better distribution of weight and consequently the greater loss needed for recruitment of muscle to the required activity with greater stability of the trunk, besides reporting the importance of the incentive through visual and auditory feedback. It is believed that the information in this article is useful for proposing protocols with the same approach.