Acompanhamento psicossocial a homens autores de violência contra as mulheres: retrato de um serviço

Abstract

Psychosocial supporting groups for men perpetrators of violence against women, advocated by the Maria da Penha Law in the Brazilian context, are growing and have been formulated in order to confront and combat this reality. In this sense, it is important to evaluate the services and programs that offer this type of supporting, seeking improvements and improvements. The main goal of this dissertation was to understand the dynamics of a psychosocial supporting service for men perpetrators of domestic violence against women in terms of characteristics, demands, challenges and potentialities of this intervention. The Dissertation is divided into two exploratory studies based on the qualitative research approach, both developed in the administrative district of the Federal District (DF). Study 1, a longitudinal study, aimed to understand the perceptions about the participation in the group by men considered perpetrators of violence against women. Twenty men who participated in the intervention were interviewed individually, pre- and post-group. In addition, ten group sessions were accompanied by the researcher, with records in field diary. The corpus analysis was carried out from the bioecological model of development, with support from the literature on gender. It was observed that the group presented itself as a place of reception and listening for the man, making possible the construction of new forms of subjectivation, socialization and sociability for possible re-significations of their trajectories and life narratives. The men perceived the participation as positive and there was a change of looks and speeches regarding violence, marital relations, the Maria da Penha Law and participation in the group. Study 2 aimed to understand how the professionals who coordinate these groups evaluate the service. Four members of the professional team were interviewed. The interviews, as well as in Study 1, were submitted to thematic analysis and interpreted by the bioecological model and gender literature. The professionals understand violence against women as a phenomenon that is influenced mainly by the culture (macrosystem), since both men and women grow up being educated to reproduce the differences of power in relationships. Such differences, coupled with the difficulties in dealing with and knowing how to express the feelings, desires and sufferings of the individuals, causes conflicts to be resolved through violence. The team perceives its practice in a positive way, despite the difficulties that the supporting group faces and understood the participation of the men in the group as essential in the search for facing this reality. Finally, in general, it was noticed that the participation in the group (microsystem) generated men's reflection on the proposed themes, enabling attitudinal changes that can reflect in the various other microsystems that man is inserted, such as family and the conjugal relationship. This space presented itself as an important tool in the deconstruction of sexist ideas and a rigid, hegemonic and heteronormative model of masculinity, legitimating violence, at the same time as it tried to offer space for listening, care, reflection and learning.

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as percepções sobre a participação no grupo de reflexão por homens autores de violência contra as mulheres. O grupo se apresenta como lugar de acolhimento e escuta para o homem, além de representar importante ferramenta na desconstrução de ideias legitimadoras da violência e de um modelo de masculinidade hegemônico, heteronormativo e rígido nos papéis que homens devem exercer na sociedade. Além disso, esse espaço se faz importante na construção de novas formas de subjetivação, socialização e sociabilidade masculinas para possíveis ressignificações de suas trajetórias e narrativas de vida. Os homens percebem a participação como positiva e notou-se mudança de olhares e discursos no que diz respeito à violência, às relações conjugais, à Lei Maria da Penha e à participação no grupo.

The objective of this study was to understand the perceptions about the participation in the reflection group by men perpetrators of domestic violence against women. The group presents itself as a place of reception and listening for man, as well as representing an important tool in the deconstruction of legitimizing ideas of violence and a heterogenous and rigid hegemonic masculinity model in the roles men must exercise in society. Moreover, this space becomes important in the construction of new forms of male subjectivation, socialization and sociability for possible re-significations of their trajectories and life narratives. The men perceived the participation as positive and noticed a change of looks and speeches regarding violence, marital relations, the Maria da Penha Law and participation in the group.

Este estudo teve como objetivo central compreender como os profissionais de um núcleo que realiza o acompanhamento psicossocial de autores de violência contra as mulheres avaliam o serviço no qual estão inseridos. Participaram quatro profissionais membros da equipe de um núcleo que realiza esse acompanhamento, localizado no Distrito Federal. Foram utilizados diário de campo e entrevista semiestruturada. Os profissionais percebem suas atuações de forma positiva, apesar das dificuldades que o programa enfrenta. O trabalho busca confrontar ideias machistas, sexistas e legitimadoras de violência, ao mesmo tempo que tenta oferecer espaço de escuta, cuidado, reflexão e aprendizagem no qual as nuances do ser homem, do sentir e do cuidar sejam o centro das discussões no grupo.

The main objective of this study was to understand how the professionals of a psychosocial supporting group for perpetrators of violence against women evaluate their practices and the public service in which they are included. Four team members of a psychosocial supporting group located in the Brazil Federal District participated in this study, which was carried out through field journals and semi-structured interviews. The four professionals perceive their practices in a positive way, despite the difficulties that the supporting group faces. Its practice seeks to confront sexism and ideas that legitimating violence against women, while trying to build an open space for listening, care, reflection and learning in which the nuances of being a men, of feeling and of caring are the focus of group discussions.