Desenvolvimento de sistema acelerado de compostagem doméstica

Abstract

The growing generation of urban organic solid waste disturbs and directs, for decades, national and international bodies to seek environmentally adequate alternatives for the destination of this waste. In this sense, a circular approach is needed in the management of organic waste. Composting is presented as an instrument in the application of the principles of circular economy, considerably reducing the entry of organic waste into landfills and promoting the recycling of nutrients in the soil with the application of biofertilizer resulting from the process. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a composter and optimize the main parameters of the composting process for organic solid waste generated in domestic environments. Domestic composting was developed, and the central composite design was chosen as the method for defining the experimental matrix for the optimization of variables. The parameters monitored during the experiments were: moisture content, temperature, pH and C/N ratio. The mathematical model returned values of 99% for the stabilization of the optimum point and the experimental data in approximately 98%, which indicates the efficiency of the obtained optimization model. The results obtained from the temperature parameter showed that it did not prove to be a compromising factor in the correct progress of the composting process. The C/N ratio during the experiments proved that the equipment was able to mineralize the waste without obtaining high temperatures and with small amounts of organic mass. Thus, the equipment developed with optimized composting parameters constitutes a promising alternative for the treatment of the organic fraction of urban solid waste, supporting sustainable development, environmental, economic, and social gain.