Descarte de produtos farmacêuticos de uso cotidiano e o ensino de solubilidade

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and implement a Didactic Sequence (DS) focused on diversified and contextualized activities related to the theme of everyday pharmaceutical products, with an emphasis on teaching the concept of solubility. The research, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, was carried out with 30 second-year high school students from a public school located in the city of Valparaíso de Goiás (GO), during the second academic semester. The DS, as an educational product, was based on the TPM methodology, associated with the thematic approach and the dialogical-problematizing perspective. In the first pedagogical moment (1PM), a diagnostic questionnaire with four questions was applied to identify students' prior knowledge regarding the disposal of pharmaceutical products. Two videos addressing the topic were also shown, emphasizing the environmental consequences of improper disposal. In the first two lessons of the second pedagogical moment (2PM), the teacher-researcher presented concepts such as solubility, polarity, intermolecular interactions, types of mixtures, solutions, and the classification of organic and inorganic compounds, using slides in an expository class. In the third lesson, an experiment was carried out using pharmaceutical products familiar to students, aiming at a practical understanding of solubility in different solvents.In the third pedagogical moment (3PM), an educational game was used as an assessment tool, along with a questionnaire to evaluate students’ perceptions regarding the application of the DS and the use of the game as a didactic resource. The data revealed student engagement, active participation, and an increased mastery of the subject matter, with improved articulation between theory and practice. The pedagogical proposal also promoted meaningful reflections on the improper disposal of pharmaceutical products and their implications, leading to the understanding of the concept of solubility, as environmental contamination often occurs through the solubilization of these substances. The DS structured around the TPM, along with the activities and didactic materials developed (game, cards, and questionnaires), proved to be effective in facilitating the Chemistry teaching and learning process, particularly regarding the topic of solubility.