Painel de indicadores de desempenho como instrumento estratégico no processo de monitoração, avaliação e tomada de decisão na universidade

Abstract

Faced with the growing need for improvements in efficiency and transparency in Brazilian public administration, the adoption of information technologies for the purpose of improving decision-making has become an essential requirement to support managers. Thus, based on a Federal Institution of Higher Education (IFES), a case study was conducted involving the construction and validation of a performance indicator panel (dashboard), presenting itself as a strategic instrument in the process of monitoring, analysis, evaluation, and decision-making by the university's management. The IFES in question, like 42% of Brazilian IFES, does not have a specific technological instrument, such as a dashboard, aimed at publicizing, monitoring, and evaluating its main performance indicators, in line with the principles of transparency and efficiency—a strategic tool for both its internal community and society. The objective of this research was to analyze the benefits, challenges, and limitations of using indicator panels in the context of Brazilian public administration, aimed at supporting decision-making, monitoring, and transparency, as well as to build a dashboard based on the identification and validation of some performance indicators of the IFES under study. The research falls within the line of studies on public administration and technological innovation, contributing to the debate on the application of Business Intelligence (BI) tools as strategies to modernize administrative processes and promote greater efficiency and accountability in the public sector. As a methodological procedure, an integrative literature review was used, based on the PICO and PRISMA strategies, covering articles published between 2014 and 2024 in the ENAP, OASISBR, REDALYC, SCIELO, SCOPUS, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases. Thirteen articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, allowing for a comprehensive view of the implementation and impacts of dashboards in different areas and spheres of government. The dashboard was built using Metabase software, and the validation of the indicators and the panel was carried out by technical specialists from each indicator's management area. The results showed that dashboards have the potential to improve efficiency in public administration, especially through clarity in data visualization and support for public policy formulation. However, challenges such as data quality, lack of technical training, and technological integration difficulties continue to limit their application, especially at state and municipal levels. In the IFES under study, the indicators were validated and well-evaluated, and the first version of the constructed panel demonstrated an excellent level of effectiveness, a good level of efficiency and user satisfaction, as well as a good level of usability. The originality of the study lies in the updated synthesis on the application of BI in Brazilian public administration, bringing relevant insights into trends, gaps, and research opportunities. Its relevance is highlighted by the growing adoption of digital technologies in the public sector, driven by demands for efficiency and transparency. As a practical contribution, the study indicates that dashboards can positively impact public administration by supporting data-driven decisions, strengthening transparency, and facilitating social control. However, it is recommended to formulate policies that prioritize data quality, investments in technical training, and studies on the usability of these tools, aiming to maximize their benefits for public administration.